张健,石建高,陈小康

• 1:上海海洋大学大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室
• 2:中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

捕虾拖网,特别是热带海域捕虾拖网渔业的兼捕和抛弃是全球最为突出的渔业问题,而选择性渔具的开发是解决这一问题的主要技术手段。美国东南沿海和澳大利亚沿海对虾拖网渔业是典型的热带海域捕虾拖网渔业,在这些海域的捕虾拖网渔业中,大型海洋生物(海龟)和鱼类兼捕共存的特点使得选择性研究主要是以种类选择性为主,选择性装置研究也主要集中在海龟释放装置(TED)和鱼类兼捕减少装置(BRD)上。通过归纳和对比这两种渔业中所开展的选择性研究,找出选择性虾拖网研究的共性和个性,结合不同渔业中有关兼捕减少的法律法规,为中国今后开展虾拖网渔业选择性研究以及虾拖网渔业相关技术措施和法规的制定提供参考依据。

关键词(KeyWords)： 海龟释放装置;兼捕减少装置;热带海域;对虾拖网渔业

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A05);; 国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC31001138);; 上海市重点学科建设项目(S30702);; 上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(11YZ156)

作者(Author): 张健,石建高,陈小康

DOI: 10.16535/j.cnki.dlhyxb.2011.03.016

参考文献(References)：

• [1]Broadhurst M K.Modifications to reduce bycatch in prawn trawls: A review and framework for development[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2000,10(1):27-60.
• [2]Foster S J,Vincent A C J.Tropical shrimp trawl fisheries:Fishers' knowledge of and attitudes about a doomed fishery[J].Marine Policy, 2009.
• [3]张健,孙满昌.欧洲地区选择性虾拖网渔具的研究进展[J].大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):55-62.
• [4]Diamond S.Byeatch quotas in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery: can they work?[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2004,14(2):207-237.
• [5]Kendall D.Shrimp retention characteristics of the Morrison Soft TED:a selective webbing exclusion panel inserted in a shrimp trawl net[J].Fisheries Research,1990,9(1):13-21.
• [6]Kelleher K.Discards in the world's marine fisheries:An update [R].Rome:FA0 Fisheries Technical Paper,2005:470.
• [7]Watson J,Foster D.Nichols S,et al.The Development of byeatch reduction technology in the southeastern United States shrimp fishery [J].Marine Technology Society Journal,1999,33(2):51-56.
• [8]Alverson D L,Freeberg M H.Murawski S A,et al.A global assessment of fisheries byeatch and discards[R].Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Paper,1994:339.
• [9]Graham G L.Finfish byeatch from the Southeastern shrimp fisheries [C]//Solving byeatch:considerations for today and tomorrow: proceedings of the solving byeatch workshop.Seattle,Washington: University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program,1995:115 -120.
• [10]Steele P,Bert T M,Johnston K H,et al.Efficiency of byeatch reduction devices in small otter trawls used in the Florida shrimp fishery[J].Fishery Bulletin,2002,100(2):338-350.
• [11]Watson J W.Taylor C.Research on selective shrimp trawl design for penaeid shrimp in the United States:a review of selective shrimp trawl research in the United States since 1973[C]//Proceedings of Fisheries Conservation Engineering Workshop.Rhode Island:Rhode Island Sea Grant,1991:50-59.
• [12]Watson J W,Mitchell J F,Shah A K.Trawling efficiency device: A new concept for selective shrimp trawling gear[J].Marine Fisheries Review,1986,48(1):1 -9.
• [13]Rulifson R A,Murray J D.Bahen J J.Finfish catch reduction in south Atlantic shrimp trawls using three designs of byeatch reduction devices[J].Fisheries,1992,17(1):9-20.
• [14]Renaud M,Gitschlag G.Klima E,et al.Loss of shrimp by turtle excluder devices(TEDs) in coastal waters of the United States, North Carolina to Texas:March 1988-August 1990[J].Fishery Bulletin,1993,31(1):129-137.
• [15]Harrington D L,Richards A,Vendetti J.Shrimp Trawl Bycatch Reduction in the Southeastern United States[C]//Solving bycatch: considerations for today and tomorrow:proceedings of the solving bycatch workshop.Seattle,Washington:University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program,1995:129-135.
• [16]Rogers D R,Rogers B D,De SilvaJ A,et al.Evaluation of shrimp trawls equipped with bycatch reduction devices in inshore waters of Louisiana[J].Fisheries Research,1997,33(1-3):55-72.
• [17]Callaway B J,Cole J G.Reduction of juvenile red snapper bycatch in the U.S.Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1999,19(2):342-355.
• [18]Engaas A,Foster D,Hataway B D,et al.The behavioral response of juvenile red snapper(Lutjanus campechanus) to shrimp trawls that utilize water flow modifications to induce escapement[J].Marine Technology Society Journal,1999,33(2):43-50.
• [19]Warner D A.McMillen-Jackson A L,Bert T M,et al.The efficiency of a bycatch reduction device used in skimmer trawls in the Florida shrimp fishery[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2004,24(3):853-864.
• [20]Kennelly S J.The development and introduction of by-catch reducing technologies in three Australian prawn-trawl fisheries[J]. Marine Technology Society Journal,1999,33(2):73-81.
• [21]Robins J B,Campbell M J.McGilvray J G.Reducing prawn-trawl bycatch in Australia:An overview and an example from Queensland [J].Marine Fisheries Review,1999,61(3) -.46-55.
• [22]Kennelly S J,Liggins G W,Broadhurst M K.Retained and discarded by-catch from oceanic prawn trawling in New South Wales, Australia[J].Fisheries Research,1998,36(2-3):217-236.
• [23]Harris A N.Poiner I R.By-catch of the prawn fishery of Torres Strait:composition and partitioning of the discards into components that float or sink[J].Australian Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research,1990,41(1):37-52.
• [24]Robins J B.Estimated catch and mortality of sea turtles from the East Coast Otter Trawl Fishery of Queensland,Australia[J].Biological Conservation,1995,74(3):157-167.
• [25]Kennelly S J.The issue of bycatch in Australia's demersal trawl fisheries[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,1995,5(2): 213-234.
• [26]Andrew N L,Kennelly S J,Broadhurst M K.An application of the Morrison soft TED to the offshore prawn fishery in New South Wales,Australia[J].Fisheries Research,1993,16(2):101 -112.
• [27]Broadhurst M K.Kennelly S J.Reducing the by-catch of juvenile fish(mulloway Argyrosomus hololepidotus ) using square - mesh panels in codends in the Hawkesbury River prawn-trawl fishery, Australia[J].Fisheries Research,1994,19(3-4):321-331.
• [28]Robins-Troeger J B.Evaluation of the Morrison soft turtle excluder device:Prawn and bycatch variation in Moreton Bay, Queensland[J].Fisheries Research,1994,19(3 -4):205 -217.
• [29]Mounsey R P,Baulch G A.Buckworth R C.Development of a trawl efficiency device(TED ) for Australian prawn fisheries:I. The AusTED design[J].Fisheries Research,1995,22(1-2):99- 105.
• [30]Robins-Troeger J B,Buckworth R C,Dredge M C L.Development of a trawl efficiency device(TED) for Australian prawn fisheries: II.Field evaluations of the AusTED[J].Fisheries Research,1995, 22(1-2):107-117.
• [31]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J.A trouser-trawl experiment to assess codends that exclude juvenile mulloway(Argyrosomus hololepidotus) in the Hawkesbury River prawn - trawl fishery[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1995,46(6):953-958.
• [32]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J.Effects of the circumference of codends and a new design of square-mesh panel in reducing unwanted by-catch in the New South Wales oceanic prawn-trawl fishery, Australia[J].Fisheries Research,1996,27(4):203-214.
• [33]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J,Isaksen B.Assessments of modified codends that reduce the by-catch of fish in two estuarine prawntrawl fisheries in New South Wales,Australia[J].Fisheries Research, 1996,27(1-3):89-111.
• [34]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J,O'Doherty G.Effects of squaremesh panels in codends and of haulback delay on bycatch reduction in the oceanic prawn-trawl fishery of New South Wales,Australia [J].Fishery Bulletin,1996,94(3):412-422.
• [35]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J.Rigid and flexible separator panels in trawls that reduce the by-catch of small fish in the Clarence River prawn-trawl fishery,Australia[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,1996,47(8 ):991-998.
• [36]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J.The composite square-mesh panel: A modification to codends for reducing unwanted bycatch and increasing catches of prawns throughout the New South Wales oceanic prawn-trawl fishery[J].Fishery Bulletin,1997,95(4):653- 664.
• [37]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J.Watson J W,et al.Evaluations of the Nordm0re grid and secondary bycatch - reducing devices (BRD's) in the Hunter River prawn-trawl fishery,Australia[J]. Fishery Bulletin,1997,95(2):209-218.
• [38]Brewer D,Rawlinson N,Eayrs S,et al.An assessment of bycatch reduction devices in a tropical Australian prawn trawl fishery[J]. Fisheries Research,1998,36(2):195-215.
• [39]Broadhurst M K,Larsen R B,Kennelly S J,et al.Use and success of composite square-mesh codends in reducing bycatch and in improving size-selectivity of prawns in Gulf St.Vincent,South Australia [J].Fishery Bulletin,1999,97(3):434-448.
• [40]McGilvray J G,Mounsey R P,MacCartie J.The AusTED II,an improved trawl efficiency device:1.Design theories[J].Fisheries Research,1999,40(1):17-27.
• [41]Robins J B,McGilvray J G.The AusTED II,an improved trawl efficiency device:2.Commercial performance[J].Fisheries Research, 1999,40(1):28-41.
• [42]Broadhurst M K,Kangas M I,Damiano C,et al.Using composite square-mesh panels and the Nordm(?)re-grid to reduce bycatch in the Shark Bay prawn-trawl fishery,Western Australia[J].Fisheries Research,2002,58(3):349-365.
• [43]Broadhurst M K,Kennelly S J,Gray C A.Optimal positioning and design of behavioural - type bycatch reduction devices involving square-mesh panels in penaeid prawn-trawl codends[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2002,53(4):813-823.
• [44]Broadhurst M K,Young D J.Damiano C.Effects of Nordm(?)regrid angles,profiles and other industry- developed modifications on catches in an Australian penaeid-trawl fishery[J].Ciencias Marinas, 2004,30(1B):155-168.
• [45]Brewer D,Heales D,Milton D,et al.The impact of turtle excluder devices and bycatch reduction devices on diverse tropical marine communities in Australia's northern prawn trawl fishery[J].Fisheries Research,2006,81(2-3):176-188.
• [46]Courtney A J,Tonks M L,Campbell M J,et al.Quantifying the effects of bycatch reduction devices in Queensland's(Australia) shallow water eastern king prawn(Penaeus plebejus) trawl fishery [J].Fisheries Research,2006,80(2-3):136-147.
• [47]Heales D S,Gregor R.Wakeford J,et al.Tropical prawn trawl bycatch of fish and seasnakes reduced by Yarrow Fisheye Bycatch Reduction Device[J].Fisheries Research,2008,89(1):76-83.
• [48]Milton D A,Fry G C,Dell Q.Reducing impacts of trawling on protected sea snakes:By-catch reduction devices improve escapement and survival[J].Marine and Freshwater Research,2009,60 (8):824-832.
• [49]Broadhurst M K,Millar R B,Kennelly S J,et al.Selectivity of conventional diamond and novel square mesh codends in an Australian estuarine penaeid-trawl fishery[J].Fisheries Research, 2004,67(2):183-194.
• [50]Broadhurst M K,McShane P E.Larsen R B.Effects of twine diameter and mesh size in the body of prawn trawls on bycatch in Gulf St.Vincent,Australia[J].Fishery Bulletin,2000,98(3):463 -473.
• [51]Macbeth W G,Broadhurst M K,Millar R B.The utility of square mesh to reduce bycatch in Hawkesbury River prawn trawls[J].Ecological Management and Restoration,2004,5(3):221-224.
• [52]Broadhurst M K,Millar R B,Wooden M E L,et al.Optimising codend configuration in a multispecies demersal trawl fishery[J]. Fisheries Management and Ecology,2006,13(2):81-92.
• [53]Broadhurst M K,Millar R B.Square-mesh codend circumference and selectivity[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2009,66(3): 566-572.
• [54]Chopin F S,Arimoto T.The condition of fish escaping from fishing gears-areview[J].Fisheries Research,1995,21(3 -4):315 - 327.
• [55]Eayrs S,Buxton C,McDonald B.A guide to bycatch reduction in Australian prawn trawl fisheriesf M].Launceston:Australian Maritime College,1997.
• [56]张健,孙满昌.桁拖网不同网目结构网囊对主要鱼类的选择性研究[J].上海水产大学学报,2008,17(4):457-463.
• [57]张健,孙满昌.桁拖网不同网目结构的网囊对虾类的选择性[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):667-676.
• [58]Margavio A V,Forsyth C J.Caught in the Net:The Conflict between Shrimpers and Conservationists[M].College Station:Texas A & M University Press,1996.